铜香炉在历史中的毁坏
The destruction of the bronze incense stove in history
宣德铜炉
Xuan de copper furnace
据历史记载，宣德三年，皇帝下旨铸铜炉，合计一万八千余件，现竟然失落得几乎无迹可寻，就连台湾的故宫博物院，也仅收藏了四座。其实，当时宣炉除了供御用外，也用来分赐给诸王、臣下及京内各郊祭坛，甚至于各地的闻名寺院，分布得非常广泛，然而在改朝换代之际，许多宣炉（包括后仿炉和私款炉），不但失散了，甚至于销毁，至今宣炉已成为可遇不可求的珍品，后仿炉、私款炉亦珍贵。原因是宣炉在短短的四五百年间遭到了多种劫难。
According to historical records, in the three years of Xuan De, the emperor ordered a copper furnace with a total of more than ten thousand and 8000 pieces, and the loss was almost no trace. Even the the Imperial Palace Museum in Taiwan has also collected only four. In fact, at that time, in addition to the use of the imperial court, the Xuan furnace was also given to the kings, subjects and the suburban altars in the Beijing, and even the famous monasteries in various places were widely distributed. However, during the change of dynasties, many of the Xuan furnaces (including the post furnace and private furnaces) were not only lost, but also destroyed, so far, the Xuan furnace has become an encounter. After the treasures that cannot be sought, the imitation furnace and the private stove are also valuable. The reason is that Xuan furnace suffered many kinds of disasters in a short span of four hundred or five hundred years.
崇祯铸钱
Chong Zhen casting money
崇祯是明朝最后一朝，内忧外患，连年战争，国库空虚，崇祯曾将内府库藏的历代各种铜器，全数发给宝源局，拿去熔铸钱币，其中包括上古三代及宣德年间的铜器。
Chong Zhen was the last dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, internal anxiety and foreign invasion, successive years of war, National Treasury empty, all the various dynasties of copper in the inner Treasury were sent to Bao Yuan bureau to melt and cast coins, including the bronze of the three generations of the ancient times and the period of the Xuan de.
咸丰铸钱
Xianfeng cast money
清代咸丰年，亦是内忧外患，连年战争，国库空虚，为了发行钱币，不惜把皇宫、内廷保存的各种铜器（包括皇室历代旧藏的铜炉、薰炉、铜龟鹤等）毁掉用以铸钱。
In the years of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, it was also an internal trouble, a year of war, and the empty Treasury. In order to issue money, the coins were destroyed by the Imperial Palace and the inner court, including the bronze furnaces, the fumigating furnaces, the copper turtle and the crane.
战争损毁
War damage
日本人做枪炮缺乏铜料，于是在我国各地搜集铜器，熔化后改做枪炮。如北京大慧寺内正殿原有高达十几米的铜观音像，在民国时期被日本人毁掉，换成了木制观音像即是一例。
The Japanese did not have enough copper to make guns, so they collected bronze ware in various parts of our country and changed them into guns after melting. For example, the bronze view of the main hall of the great Hui temple in Beijing was destroyed by the Japanese in the Republic of China, and it was replaced by wooden Guanyin.
民间熔损
Folk melt loss
第一次是在1950～1953年抗美援朝时，战争需要大量的枪炮弹药，便发动民间收集“旧铜”，从各地所收集来的旧铜器中，自然有不少的铜炉。
For the first time, during the 1950~1953 years of anti American aggression and aid Korea, the war needed a lot of gun and ammunition, and the folk collection of "old copper" was launched. In the old bronze vessels collected from all over the country, there were a lot of copper furnaces.
第二次，1958年大跃进大炼钢铁时，全民征集铜铁，老百姓家里的铜器，如铜盆、铜锅、铜勺、铜炉等都贡献出来了。
The second time, when the great leap forward in 1958, the whole people collected copper and iron, and the bronze vessels of the people's homes, such as copper pot, copper pot, copper spoon, copper furnace and so on, have all contributed.
第三次，是在1966～1976年的文化大革命中，各种古旧铜器，包括铜炉，自然作为迷信品“破四旧”被收集到铜材厂熔掉。虽然后来经文物部门拣选出不少，但已被熔化的自然也不在少数。这是建国后三次铜炉大劫难。
The third time, in the 1966~1976 year of the cultural revolution, all kinds of old and old copper, including copper furnace, natural as a superstition "broken four old" was collected to the copper factory melted. Although many of them were picked out by the cultural relics department, there were not a few of them that had been melted. This was the three time after the founding of the people's Republic of China.
几十年来东西方的海外买家都大谈考古学，争相购买明清铜炉，然而有些人只会要求铜质精美，却不懂欣赏皮色的美丽，一些商人为了迎合买家，竟把旧炉磨成崭新的炉，破坏了不少好炉子。
For decades, overseas buyers in the East and West talked about archaeology and bought a copper stove in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, some people only asked for the fine copper, but did not understand the beauty of the leather. In order to cater to the buyers, some businessmen have grind the old furnace into a brand new furnace and have destroyed many good furnaces.
有些玩家专门讲究炉色的绚烂，于是一些商人又将色皮剥蚀晦暗的旧炉，重新敷上色皮，破坏了原炉的美。
Some players are very particular about the brilliance of the furnace color, so some businessmen have again skinned and darkened the old stove, reapplying the colored leather, destroying the beauty of the original stove.
有些好炉，往往厚重，一些世俗的人怀疑是纯金铸造，就凿底部来化验，破坏了炉。或有部分铜炉的炉身镀了数量相当可观的黄金，人为地“杀鸡取卵”。
Some good furnaces are often thick and heavy. Some worldly people suspect that they are pure gold casting. They chisel the bottom to test and destroy the stove. Some of the copper furnaces have been plated with considerable quantities of gold, artificially killing the birds and laying eggs.
正因为明清铜炉历史上经历诸多劫难，损失惨重，造成今日真宣德炉已成凤毛麟角，后仿炉和私
It is precisely because the bronze stove in the Ming and Qing Dynasties experienced many disasters and suffered heavy losses, resulting in today's true Xuan de stove has become rare.